Explanation-

• Its literal meaning is – ‘to restrain’. It is issued by a high court to subordinate courts or agencies to prevent them from exercising higher judicial functions outside their jurisdiction.

• Writs related to prohibition can be issued only against judicial and quasi-judicial authorities.

Explanation-

• These committees are non-constitutional or extra-constitutional in their origin.

• These committees are formed by the Prime Minister as per the demand of the time. Hence, their number, designation and formation keep on changing.

• Committees are like an organizational device to reduce the workload of the cabinet. They study policy issues in depth and establish effective coordination.

Explanation- In the case of Randhir Singh vs State of India, it was held that although the principle of equal pay for equal work is not a fundamental right under the Constitution, but under Articles 14, 16 and 39C, it is certainly a 'constitutional goal' which can be achieved through constitutional remedies and in another case it was held that this principle also applies to casually appointed daily wage employees.

Explanation- The posts of the leader of the house and the leader of the opposition are not mentioned in the constitution of India, they are mentioned in the rules of the house and parliamentary law respectively. On the other hand, the post of whip is neither mentioned in the constitution of India, nor in the rules of the house nor in the parliamentary law. It is based on the traditions of parliamentary government.

Explanation –

• Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha and the President of India together constitute the ‘Parliament of India’. The maximum number of members of Rajya Sabha has been fixed at 250 including 12 nominated members. There are some important matters in respect of which the Constitution has placed both the Houses of Parliament on a pedestal of equality.

• Equal rights with the Lok Sabha in the election and impeachment of the President.

• Equal rights with the Lok Sabha in the election of the Vice President.

• Equal rights with the Lok Sabha to define parliamentary privileges.

• Audit report from the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.